Space forces in military operations of the new task: integration and synchronization with the battle
translated from: United States
Gary High Frontier Journal. L. North, South Carolina will
the ninth commander of Air Force and U.S. Central Department of the Air Force base commander
Xiaoao John. Leiou Dan Colonel
U.S. Central Command Air Force Space Southwest Asia Joint Air Operations Center Director force
compile: Global Defense (known far away / Flow)
space in the air, ground and sea operations in the practical application is often misunderstood. In most cases, it is assumed that space resources to be used only when needed. To make matters worse, space resources by many as too difficult and to give up. In fact, space resources are useful, and will become the future a key part of integrated operations, from humanitarian to major combat operations in space will be used.
space planning and operations are beyond the traditional war strategy, operational, and tactical three levels, so that our military can be the first time to see, hear, understand, and the first time to react. the space properly integrated into the conventional military action is worth it, this practice defeat the rebels and the maintenance of stability in Iraq and Afghanistan have made great contributions. This paper uses two examples to illustrate the space in the extreme importance of modern warfare, the article should clarify the confusing process on the provision of space resources and procedures problems. The article also highlights the space in the daily military operations in the occupied an important position. articles began to the United States space system as a central theater of basic comprehensive study.
Commander of Central Command, Space Coordinator ( SCA) assigned to the As the Joint Force Air Commander, U.S. Central Command Air Force Commander through the Joint Aerospace Operations Center Southwest Asia air operations into the Central Command area of responsibility. because he was assigned over the space coordinator, his entire collection and processing theater space needs, including allies. These needs can live in space support requests (SSR) to obtain, such a request was sent to the central Aerospace Operations Center, where staff officers for processing. Central Command Air Force director of space forces (DIRSPACEFOR) and five-panel hand in dealing with space space support requests, and coordination and synchronization of space resources. Space Power Director is responsible for the daily integrated space operations, planning, and synchronized into the air tasking order. This year, one of the remote rotation positions, in order to increase the effect of the theater space program valuable continuity. Then, the central air space for combat operations, space operations center during the implementation of the use of teams of experts in the theater joint forces and domestic resources to provide the necessary space.
U.S. Army also put the entire theater space experts implanted in the Army Space Support Team and support units in space. These groups and units to participate fully in the Army and Navy tactical action plans, and become the main space support requests for applicants. Central Command Space group and the Army Air Force space professionals to work closely to ensure the full spectrum of space resources are known and incorporated into the planning process to go. In addition, a strategic air force in the aerospace operations center has been arranged for several well-trained space expert, that space weapons officer. Currently, the five officials in the theater space weapons implementation of space programs and operations, including two in the central aerospace operations center, located in Baghdad, a Multinational Force Iraq headquarters, located in a West Marine Expeditionary Unit in Iraq headquarters, and one in Afghanistan's International Security Assistance Force headquarters. Overall, nearly 90 Air Force, Army and Navy Theater space professionals are working for air, land and Marine commanders to provide space resources.
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Figure 1: Space in Iraq and Afghanistan, the true power of the following two plans
examples emphasize the central theater of military operations planning and implementation, and shows how the space resources with the central operations center for the aerospace integration and collaboration, and how to enhance the combat capability of air and ground. In many of the ideas discussed in narrative for almost all military operations today.
examples of a: m raid arms caches in Afghanistan
Danny. Roscoe major, was assigned to Bagram, Afghanistan, Army space official, is planning to hold at the division headquarters a meeting to begin his day's work. When the meeting halfway through, the special forces had a brief on behalf of a planned action in the five-day raid in Khost in the southeast was suspected hiding places for the rebels weapons. According to Information that may be in hiding in homes of local villagers, but its exact location is not yet known. When are discussing how to enter and action programs, take the lead in planning the man asked: what? team will begin action plan for this space resources, and aerospace operations center with the central contact to see if there are other additional support.
current critical resource is also the first image. He planners already have provided some of his space-based images, but changing the image he knows the value of reconnaissance. Therefore, he told Business Development Group (CET) request, asking them to look there on the latest image data of the region . CET is an image database with vast commercial space to the request made to the image of Army combat unit personnel. His intention is to see the location of hiding places in the area there had been any signs of any change.
when he is When the image returns pending, he filed a support request sent to the central space, aerospace operations center, requesting the implementation of the optimal window level of GPS signal. GPS usually very precise; However, he wants to reduce production without any hand-held GPS exact coordinates of the risk. In addition, he also wants to ensure air-dropped supplies from CFACC optimize GPS aid.
In addition, he also proposed a non-imaging based on space-based infrared (ONIR) the implementation of the sensor window of a space weather forecast support the request. This will give planners a helicopter operations that may affect clouds and weather-related information. He also plans to combat time space weather forecasts to avoid or space weather events solar activity affect satellite communications. Finally, he clearly possible way forward rebels have placed a simple explosive device, so he proposed a provision of any resources to find the commandos He Tianji may enter the road, and look for obvious signs placed improvised explosive devices.
next morning, the Central Command, the Air Force director of space forces, the integration of theater space planners, Torrey. Charles Captain, in her mailbox to see the space from the North Major support for the request. She immediately began to deal with space support the request and determine what can be done in the theater, what must be sent to the United States to return to the support. She checked to determine support for each request contained in a space all of the information available, and each one is clear and without vague. Then she will go through GPS-enhanced space support requests back to Vandenberg in California, the Joint Space Operations Center (JspOC). When the theater space support the user feedback signal is returned, the Joint Space Operations Center to determine what agencies or units the most to support the request, and then issued a directive for action. joint space operations center space support requests sent to the Colorado Air Force Base, the second Sineiweier Space Operations Squadron (2SOPS). Squadron is responsible for the daily GPS constellation of satellites ;, and to ensure that it is as accurate as possible. where the GPS mission planning unit to ensure the optimal level in the implementation of the window and began an investigation of the call.
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Figure 2: GPS System IIR-M satellite
the same time, Captain Charles also sent a request back to the weather in space, the Joint Space Operations Support Center window with the requirements for satellite ground station to process and collect . Then she Aerospace Operations Center and the Central Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group (ISRD) with a space support requests for the final work - use of intelligence resources to search for improvised explosive devices along the way. ISRD collection managers agreed to use space-based daily resources to collect information on the area until the operation ended.
Captain Charles, then opened the space battle management core system (SBMCS), the system is often used to demonstrate the implementation of GPS in precision. As expected, as model showed no accuracy problems, therefore, Captain Charles Major letter back to the North, told the GPS window looks pretty good. She will also pass this information on Aerospace Operations Center, the Central Office so that people can battle plan to ensure the aircraft and weapons reach the intended location of a precise global positioning system to provide support.
implementation processes continue to run in the afternoon, he started to receive major North SSR issued a response. JspOC answer is that the two have completed the appropriate procedures SOPS to ensure that the GPS as accurate as possible during the raid. He also received another reply, ONIR air for four hours before he provided the weather forecast, therefore, task force will have a final opportunity to learn about the weather to decide or not angle is some obvious dig scars. He suspected that there may be the source of the location of the alleged hiding place. This will be the task force in the first air raid the place to be searched. It also makes the team re-evaluate their approach roads Now they know the location of possible hiding places.
in the CAOC, Captain Charles received a call from the CAOC's ISRD, intelligence gathering in the pre-laying IED found no evidence. She will pass this information to the North major. This is a good phenomenon; However, they know that the rebels may at any time to set IED, they have to continue to pay attention. they will continue to check for any suspicious activity information daily.
actions that night, in the CAOC's battle plan in place for this action has been planned armed reconnaissance; they will have two to carry GPS-guided Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) in the F-15E Support to provide fire support.
at 17:00 the next day, plans to complete. leaders were briefed on the raid of the final report and begin the exercise. just waiting for the final major North weather forecast, before an operation to the task force Finally, a look at the weather. In 22:00, ONIR the weather came, planners looked at. raid sunny areas, so they put up a thumb to the group, ready to go.
3 hours, 1:00 , two F-15E from a base in eastern Afghanistan in order to arrive in time to take off air over the area.
1 ʱ 45 ��, F-15E fighters arrived in the area, but still returned, so as to avoid disclosure of operations. weapons on each aircraft System Officer (WSO) check their GPS receiver and see that they have a good signal, and the joint direct attack munitions on the machine functions well.
2 hours, task force into action. group with an Air Force joint terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) - a flight to join the Army team and coordinated air strikes against the training system. When the group through the village, guided vehicle found the way to the edge of an unusual bulge, and stopped to check the suspected It is an IED. When they stopped, they were from the trees between two houses in the area of small arms fire, small arms fire they suspect tried to force them to move on to another IED placed into the ground, so they stay where they began to fight back. composure, they began to consider how to remove the threat from the woods. When the fighting continued, the ground commander ordered the JTAC requests for air strikes on enemy positions. JTAC immediately called F-15E, and began to coordinate possible mobile strike.
disposed of a serious process to reduce the collateral damage after the authorization of air combat commander. F-15E weapons system officer last checked his GPS. see it in good condition, to a projected 500-pound guided missiles Unit-38 JDAM bombs to enemy positions. When flying out of joint direct guided munitions since the end of the arms to the GPS receiver receives GPS satellite signals and begin to enter the bomb enemy positions inertial navigation system. When the bombs whereabouts, GPS assisted navigation system-guided bombs began, JTAC observed direct weapons fire hit the woods is the position. When the F-15E, after the report accurately hit, JTAC shows no small-arms fire woods. team to confirm the enemy is destroyed, and Explosive ordnance disposal experts, their location marked IED so ineffective. Then they hide weapons m towards the target to move forward.
near reach the target, they walked to find the map marked covertly. they found a lower floor, the hidden mortar rounds and 50 for the manufacture of a large number of IED components. carefully hidden by the search, they detonate and destroy the hidden weapons. When the group home, they counted their ammunition, found that they consumed in the war in the woods a lot. their communications via satellite radio operator call and report their status, and request immediate air-dropped munitions. in the CAOC's air mobility division in the gifted class to use a C-130 before the implementation of airdrop missions.
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Figure 3: The joint terminal attack controller
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Figure 4: The Joint Precision Airdrop System
when the C-130 to take off, it took a special pallet of ammunition. This is a combination of precision pallet Airdrop System (JPADS), specially designed air-dropped a pallet using the GPS integrated steerable parachute system to be voted to the pallet where it should go. If the pallet error of more than 100 meters, it might fall into enemy hands. CAOC COD combat operations using the space at the system checks to ensure the optimal dropping GPS to check their computer model, they found that GPS time in the drop area and are in excellent condition. Three hours later, when the JPADS leave the C-130, it requires GPS signal, it directly navigate to the location of special operations group to wait. resupply successful, the group also ready for the next task.
Example II: Hunt for the high-value Iraqi personnel m
Eden. Lieutenant Colonel Mike work in northern Iraq, Army space support team leader. He was summoned to attend a meeting to help plan a large neighborhood located in the Kirkuk raid a house, this house could be hiding a high-value staff (HVI). he made the request made to collect images and weather, but also raised the target area GPS enhancement of the SSR. He knew that guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) to be deployed in the area, and it uses its GPS-guided rockets, so he wants to ensure that warheads as accurate as possible, in order to reduce collateral damage.
his next move is to ensure that they are blue in the air during the tracking system (BFT) is based on tracking the structure of our team on. The teams will use the vehicles can receive GPS signal contact BFT devices to calculate their exact location, and via satellite to send data to their leadership, to lead the team to see where. Colonel Mike call back to the BFT management operations center to determine its perception and which BFT devices will be used. Center to verify the information and determine who he will become visible.
in the CAOC, Captain Charles handled SSR, with the battle plan in place, after discussions, they decided to air during the send an MQ-1 Way of the utmost importance. She COD make a telephone call, please contact them ; Predator monitoring of these frequencies, Captain Charles gave these briefings Colonel Mike ISRD.
next morning, COD receives a message from the GPS Operations Center Schriever Air Force Base, the alarm information, the information says there is a do not wish to appear here satellite anomalies. GPS satellite has been canceled in one, until the error is corrected. COD this message sent to the theater, and then immediately start GPS navigation accuracy models to assess the impact of interrupt operation. satellite disruption in the HVI window used in the implementation of air strikes caused a lot of mistakes in Central. They relayed the location of the call, Colonel Mike changes and recommended actions to postpone for an hour, to ensure the exclusion GPS errors. Captain Mike's leadership and planning staff agreed to postpone for an hour, action will not affected. they changed the time, and returns the CAOC to adjust the flying north, the 05 points, signal good team to reach the village areas are tracking.
3 ʱ 25 ��, HVI group close to the target housing. a small pickup truck out from the garage, and accelerate the road to escape into the hunt group. trucks in three, When it ran away, they call the . a thorough inventory of each room, the use of reliable satellite communications, they will not house HVI this information to the CAOC, therefore, CAOC will look to escape from the truck.
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Figure 5: The Silent Sentry
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Figure 6: MQ -1 inaccessible areas to be hiding in the palm trees in a small office building. three passengers came out of the truck, walked into the building. because Soon a small army reconnaissance team arrived, and when they hide in the woods can see when the building. They do check to HVI in this building, and they also noted that many people are ready for battle . you can see out the window and window-mounted machine gun, door stacking sandbags. GMLRS combat reconnaissance team with a call to the building now instead of hiding HVI risk their lives in the storm. CAOC with the area to determine the area is friendly, and later, the ground commanders will not give a mile away to determine the cause collateral damage to other structures. GMLRS repositioning of the group and check the GPS. signal is normal, they are fired to the target a rocket. rocket in flight to the GPS signal reception, GPS assisted navigation system and direct it toward the house. reconnaissance team burst into the house to verify the rebels, including the HVI has been killed.
Postscript
these Events only only covers two types of m in the CENTCOM theater of operations taking place every day the same with these two types of operations. almost every type of combat operations, space plays an indispensable role. no Discussion of such capacity, and space professionals in the theater without us, we will be unable to complete any given task. all branches of space professionals and support units in the United States to bring this capability to our troops, not any other m countries can match this capability to successfully integrate and synchronize operations of space resources. This non-power multiplier has become an integral part of military operations.
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