Cultural Revolution, the historical experience and lessons of great democracy

 Cultural Revolution First, democracy is undemocratic, in the end decide who is the fortieth anniversary of the Cultural Revolution this year
. Although most of the parties has final nail, but not yet conclusive. like the Cultural Revolution were known as the great great democracy movement, and in the North talented Yu Mou , there are wool / Ze / East before king.
I have regarding the unknown, whenever people read a little Chinese history, how many know the Five Dynasties and Ten States political chaos, and the Yuan Dynasty in four people, as well as modern Nanjing Massacre. Did the Cultural Revolution, but also authoritarian than all these dark ?
Perhaps, when the Yin in the eyes of a divided country is nothing, nothing Divine sink, only a gentle sweeping be called events. And people are not clear beforehand, Even more surprising is that democracy dick, was actually a servant girl, was it from the whitewash. You say you democracy, I said I democracy. What, then, democracy and democratic, in the end who make decisions?
Second, before the Cultural Revolution Chinese Democracy do?
it is a tribute to the history books in China before the Cultural Revolution, which is understandable. Liu and Deng headed, democratic decision-making, we have business to have the amount, of course, than take orders from the wool / Ze / East individuals to more pleasant.
My life is late, did not catch the golden age. But listen, tell the elders, before the Cultural Revolution in China was a tightly controlled level of society. in the occupation and marital problems, family background very strict restrictions. in politics to promote Liu Shaoqi's Workshop Director to be based on laws and regulations, general officer to go to catch me.
other places all of this, secretary, captain of the office and police station can be a supreme director of the . to early 1966, then became a democracy, and I Gan?
mouthpiece although good, but replaced by the collective rule of bureaucracy, for the fundamental interests of the people is no different. just a master it becomes a group of masters.
top democracy with the people's democracy are two different things, should be separated. Even if, as some of the willing, wool / Ze / East, died in 1958, China will not become more equitable and more democratic. In fact just the opposite,
In fact, because of wool / Ze / East abhorrence of bureaucracy, coupled with his special prestige, only to contain the bureaucratic routine and institutionalized.
III, where there is oppression, there is resistance < br> Of course, the bureaucrats will not wool / Ze / East, earnestly, to automatically give up the privileges of vested interests. bureaucracy not only listen wool / Ze / East, and warned again and again, even very skillfully directed the previous campaign have shifted to the general public together intellectuals, has gone even further so that the latter bear the costs.
early in the Cultural Revolution, the bureaucracy still used in this model. in that more than fifty days, the students and the public to be punched and copper rods In the midst of violent repression of the first belt terror! these facts, has still not seen the official history books.
Maybe we can grab from the nigger disclosed Xiaokai noteworthy movement evident. grasping nigger movement supported by Tao Zhu, Zhang Ping, secretary of the Hunan Provincial Committee of practice. A lot has been involved in the Cultural Revolution hit all five elements, some were held units, and some thrown into a detention center. before the rebels a support workers have been active in student labeled nigger, was held units, criticism.
various scenarios, so wool / Ze / East greatly angry! He said the people who suppress the student movement, must come to no good end! He was determined, using publicly and comprehensive, bottom-up approach to mobilize the masses, that great democracy of the way, to expose the dark side of our party and country.
in Hunan, Mao / Ze / East sent the imperial minister of students for the persecuted and the public vindication, the burning of black people discriminate against persecution of materials. can imagine, the people liberated how students enthusiastically shouted East like. mid-September 9, wool / Ze / East Memorial Paiqichanglong. This is so bureaucratic and literary hack is very unhappy, and so a large buckle hat special deduction, what personality cult ah, ah servility. This is really Qizai Strange also, wool / Ze / East lead us to rebel, we do not worship him, and do all you can worship in the heads of the people riding domineering bureaucrats?
Fourth, the people themselves must manage the superstructure
As early as the Yan'an period, that is, July 1945, Chairman Mao, who in answer to democratic regime Huangyanpei rise and fall of dynasties on how to overcome the cycle rate, said: new road, is democracy. Only by allowing people to supervise the government, the government was not complacent. just all up and responsible, we will not Renwangzhengxi. clear language, said: most workers the right to the most fundamental rights. Without such rights, workers right to work, rest, the right to education, and so right, there is no guarantee. must manage the superstructure, the superstructure is not without management. We can not question the right of the people to understand some of the people for the country only managed by the people under the management of these people to enjoy the labor, education, social insurance, and so right. ;
in wool / Ze / East on the basis of speech, developed to be summarized as rules and regulations; cadres, workers, technicians three combinations. this idea with the advent of the Cultural Revolution into a class in the party there is a certain market, these people work for their own greedy days of work, regard themselves as the party in disguise. they say, is called the party's leadership, I believe that we should believe his own party. They do not speak the principle of promoting , the unconditional obedience. is not subject to the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, but unconditional submission directly to higher authorities. advocating blind obedience, and encourage slavishness. my differences with them, this is a major difference. I do not they protect themselves against the masses, to promote blind obedience. I have always maintained, subject only to adhere to the correct leadership of the revolutionary line of the error against the revolutionary leadership to be critical. This is also the organizing principle of political principles. to do according to this principle, and also to let people know, the masses master. so people taking the capitalist road, and stubbornly cling to the bourgeois reactionary line of the people disarmed. a socialist revolution should be in the end, an order to save capitalism is a continuation of two-line struggle. br> wool / Ze / East that we set the same old capitalism, feudalism, with the Soviet Union about the same. He believes that great democracy, and easy to attack the enemy, but also the leading organs at all levels, leaders of the direct supervision, resulting in new social climate.
Today we see more clearly: from the anti-rightist rectification, to the difficult period of three years of the Great Leap Forward, to the social education Siqing, to the Cultural Revolution until after the Cultural Revolution's that changes the turbulent decades of scenes situation, the tidal rise and fall dang stack, not a personal grudge, not a struggle for power between individuals, nor is the so-called The struggle between socialism and capitalism is the struggle the two roads. appears in the leadership struggle within the concentrated reflection of this struggle.
Cultural Revolution was the culmination of this struggle is only in Chinese history to date Some of the first other.
1975 when the Constitution was amended, put *** demonstrations and the / Ze / East, said: Some of the bureaucracy, how can not defeat, a result of posters, a downtown street, he was afraid. this thing, just like the network is now almost. abolish the selfish short-sighted behavior. today's corruption endemic, and this is closely related.
five, is a retrogression of history do?
Having said that, I am afraid that liberals should be questioned: Back to the twenty or thirty years ago, wool / Ze / East Times? ago. He has always advocated continuous advance, continuous revolution against the conservative and backward, but also ideas and a complete break with the old traditional concepts, how could he agreed to return twenty or thirty years ago society go?
to say who retrogression of history who, wool / Ze / East later years the theory and practice, including the Cultural Revolution, and the theme of the old abandoned his own independent exploration, return to Soviet-style socialism, for example: restore all the Soviet-style system of industrial management, rehabilitation experts and technocrats rule, the abolition of political command, to cancel a mass movement to abolish cultural ideological struggle, the implementation of incentives, training higher income and so on.
now bragging of Privitization, a private on the spirit, what new stuff do you? modern times, not all the world are engaged in this set? If really so good , how to give rise to so many revolutions and turmoil?
privatization, marketization, liberalization, globalization, it is truly a panacea for solving China's problems it? to see these developing countries, unlike China which is more private , market, liberalization, globalization? there which really solve the internal contradictions? unlike China which is more serious social conflicts?
in accordance with the reasons for the elite, after the privatization of enterprises, the owner of the enterprise management, motivation indeed improved. However, millions of ordinary workers from the enterprise to become masters of the slaves, and enthusiasm come from? not most people's participation and efforts, by just a handful of elite, are able to develop? This is really big thing in the world shortage of absurd. However, the elite is so looked down upon Wang's.
want me to say that privatization is not a bad thing, just to be completely oriented. Now even if the director or the Director of a small all of have to have a head, face, and instead of national leaders can not, take-bian, the occasional moment of the next to Nao Lege depressed, has not de-claw. so how can we mobilize the enthusiasm of the leaders of it? privatization should therefore completely, you have the whole of the country, into all the leaders, into the ancient br> according to the logic of privatization, not back to two thousand years ago is not enough.
folk saying: hard three decades, the night returned to liberation. Today, workers are exploited, bullied pressing, is searched by the Japanese slapping, forced to kneel by Koreans, and so heard the news (on April 23, 2004, Stella shoe factory in Dongguan, thousands of workers protest occurred, mainly due to arrears of the workers themselves Stella shoe factory living wage is not enough. The workers work 11 hours a day, six days a week, hourly wage of less than 2.5 yuan! after the incident, according to the list of workers in factories, in Dongguan Changan Public Security Bureau arrested about 70 workers). superstructure with the people of their management compared to the times, this is it progress or retrogression?
sub-fields to the home is said to be China's pioneering farmers, however, thousands of years, Chinese farmers not everyone is so care of everyone? Do not like to repeat over and over again with the disorder in the tragedy? Now the real history of pioneering mm after the destruction of agricultural cooperatives, in turn repeat of the tragedy of order or disorder. The farmers say nothing now in rural areas no shortage, lack of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang only!
northern warlords who take the old road, the tanks on Tiananmen Square, then? Anyway, not wool / Ze / East. he was right all advocates of democracy and freedom. Chairman Mao said that only the Northern warlords only suppress the student movement, suppress the student movement to no good end. He said, do not be afraid of criticizing the masses, the masses do not be afraid to make trouble.
Chairman Mao suggested that the people's great Ming, big place, big debate, large print reported that the right and the right to strike of workers into the Constitution. Who is the democratic rights of these people to cancel it from the Constitution?
wool / Ze / East has always been a way to advocate the use of ideological education, rather than military means solve political problems. Who palace coup by the way, by several members of the Politburo Central Committee arrested several other? Who to ordinary party members of the body, behind a screen, holding up the two-term General Secretary and crushed? is Who is the Party commands the gun, the gun becomes the command of the party? Furthermore, in order to take care of the interests of the children in the country outside of the establishment of the so-called national-level companies (t Chinese company, China Light t t companies and companies), such feudal hereditary system, not the wool / Ze / East of the invention!
said do not argue is a great invention. Oh, Li public only slander, exile in swine, the history of two thousand years ago, things may have forget it. < br> VI
great democracy and I have a small Democratic colleagues admired the United States, especially American democracy. One day in the street with a foreigner for a few dollars, and then returned to the company showing off that he has U.S. knife. The results we saw, is false, Oh.
course, I am not saying that American democracy is fake, I think it is a small democracy. I mean, I think democracy is one man one vote good things, but only have this is not enough.
some people always on the mouth of modern democracy, its origins, but also because the British monarch, in order to struggle for power and the feudal aristocracy, and a joint process with the capitalists. The king had a nominal position, the King of England through the sale of concessions and titles, etc., to achieve collusion with the capitalist class, and slowly it strengthened its own power, and later a partner, and the capitalists, the use of powerful force, through the abolition of the feudal fortified villages tax card, after the first in the political economy gradually weakened the feudal forces fortified villages, and gradually realize the true national unity and the establishment of centralized government. this process is for the lower democracy is for the upper is a real authoritarian.
In fact, the upper want to fight, monolithic than the upper on the population is more favorable. compete for the party of power, at least temporarily to please the people, and seek public support. This That's why there are many dictators in history, although the abuse by the elite, but big hearts of the people's sake.
American democracy has many defects, often more trouble scandals, such as Al Gore more votes, yet the sub-presidency to the George W. Bush. Even worse, American democracy is always ambiguous relationship with the pull of money. This is the democratic election system problems arising from the womb, such problems tend to be amplified a hundred times in China. For example, the early Republic of China Cao Kun bribery, and as Super Girl, such a game has become a player among the Who will be able to go further. Even if you honestly, India flyers, make posters is spending a small fortune, right? No wonder Zhang Meina's mother lamented, families with Super Girl is a catastrophe.
The reason I say it is a small democracy, fundamental reason: Although you vote for national leaders, however, whether you choose Al Gore or George W. Bush, will not represent your interests, but only on behalf of the interests of the ruling class. can not change is rule, the fact that the oppressed.
since ordinary people were excluded from political power, the exclusion from all outside production; since the real masters of the bureaucracy, then no matter what kind of leaders elected by the people, he can only rely on bureaucrats to rule, rather than relying on the people to rule.
Political Reform, it says that a person moving the emperor, the following benefits all people, but moving in the literati group against him. Yanbo to the Minister of Culture said the Emperor, the Emperor you are with the scholar-officials of government, and not with the people rule the world.
in the United States every four years like a donkey dispute has evolved a fraud, just handed over power from the left hand only. power thing those people.
noisy Taiwan parliament is a sham public purpose of the Taiwanese people mistakenly thought that his masters, resulting in a psychological sense of satisfaction.
course, I am not saying that if you do not elections, or parliament, on silent, and that is democracy. I mean, it was only a small democracy, far from enough.
example, you can choose the president, but when you go to the company to work, go to a restaurant to work to not let you vote, you have to listen to the boss's every move, the boss can fire you at any time, so you laid-off. see, in the true relationship to the vital interests of your immediate issue, simply do not speak for democracy.
and wool / Ze / East precisely the claim in relation to the vital interests of ordinary people on issues vital democracy, the director has no right lay off workers, workers criticized the director, the lower level can criticize superiors, and ultimately the elimination of all claims class differences, to achieve all the masters.
the liberals view, the cause of freedom is not the only undemocratic reason is government intervention. They believe that as long as the government non-interference in private affairs of individual citizens, between citizens and do not interference, only deep in their own private affair, it can ensure the free movement of all classes, there is nothing undemocratic in the world thing is not free.
liberals for the people painted a beautiful vision: as long as you follow the rules, honestly I work, there is hope for the future has become a master. Since the free movement of all classes, everyone has the opportunity when people Exalted, then, naturally, does not exist the problem of equality and democracy the.
theory is true, but in fact, some people will only get richer, some people are getting poorer, the rich have the ability to pay to buy the freedom of the poor, the poor from generation to generation to become slaves. to deceive the poor rich, to the phenomenon of bullying has become commonplace, and even protection of the law, the Government has actually become rich, poor, deprived of the freedom of the accomplice. Chongqing police a few days before openly pointed out the need for the well-known entrepreneurs provide special protection.
China the past two decades, folks in the power of posters to give up, give up the power *** demonstrations, follow the rules, honestly, however, the days so we better it? can not afford a house, too poor to feed the child, the hospital for a cold, you have to spend a hundred dollars.
not a question of more government control or less control, but rather what the government of the tube should not control nothing. And now, education, housing, medical care, these are got rid of the government as a burden. Instead, check temporary residence permits to run every day out on the street, lift stall hawkers!
to decide what the Government of the tube should not take care of what, as previously mentioned, not choose a leader to finish up. The key is that people should have the power to manage the superstructure.
at the national means of production conditions, the state is not only the superstructure, as owners of production and the If people do not manage their own superstructure, not organized, constantly struggle constantly revolution, will be excluded from political power, the means of production are excluded from all the outside, which means that society become a bureaucratic public ownership, private ownership eventually become.
as long as there were a system of oppression, it can not guarantee a fair starting point, can not guarantee freedom of movement. As long as there is private ownership, there is no real democracy.
and hair / Ze / East than up, liberals too petty, and their requirements of democracy and freedom is too low, they are too content with as slaves. in fact they even implemented a small volume of democracy do not have, they do not exactly acting as a servant of the U.S. government do? they control the mainstream media so that only non-mainstream scholars find a way out on the network, there is the spirit of democracy can there be that do?
seven great democracy with dictatorship of the proletariat
Needless to say, the Cultural Revolution, the great democracy is not perfect, is not complete. at the time of class forces, it is also impossible to achieve complete great democracy.
rebel organizational resources and political experience, political will is weaker than power camp, held by rebels, is nothing more than wool / Ze / East, to support this political resources. kleptocrats first surprise and then, means to give up the leadership of threat, and later to the name of the red flag means to transfer the struggle against the direction of the red flag to ; Zhong word Dance At least a hundred times more than the former.
during the Cultural Revolution, the bureaucrats in line with past experience of previous movements, the first throw some intellectuals as a victim, and when the revolutionary teachers and students adhere to the targeting of the party's ruling party, by one of higher Party sent a working group to crack down to protect the interests of the Group. (for example, Wang Guangmei at Tsinghua will be eight hundred students labeled a rightist, counter-revolutionary, and ruthless struggle, and some were to death, in order to promote the country, no one School spared. Four Qing, Wang Guangmei out that the so-called hh This is the wool / Ze / East pure by the rebels. Cultural Revolution 17 years before the accumulation of contradictions in Chinese society, repressed for so long, so deep, it certainly burst speed will be strong. However, in most cases, is the bureaucratic red banner of anti-flag group. especially senior cadres, the military dry children, most of them took part in the notorious linkage organizations, and now that shamelessness Wei / Beijing / Health is the joint go-getters. their mother in order to protect father Paul, the general direction of transfer of the struggle, tyranny, a aspects of some intellectuals, such as Lao She took the victim and arrogant when ordinary people raging on the one hand, more ruthless suppression of the rebels to come forward. Cultural Revolution ended, they suddenly, unexpectedly become the persecuted it! then huh profiteering!) < br> After nine, for the ; movement, the ruling party and conservative party system with the positive movement in this injustice manufacturing, there are more than 10 million were labeled as counter-revolutionary rebels backbone, so that public opinion and put the rebels in the organization out of the power position outside of the.
in Jiangsu, severe persecution of the revolutionary cadres and the masses of rebels and 50 thousand people, injured tens of thousands, many people are still a cause of death unclear .68 69 years, Xu Shiyou head of the rebels will charge Xuzhou to swim in a cage fight, also in Jiangsu rebellion against his kick to send the masses of small reptiles by climbing on the road to school. In Guangxi, but also in 1968, to Wei Guoqing conservative Union for the background refers to the four. twenty-two rebels mouth stuffed with pebbles executed in batches.
why pay such a heavy price? fundamental reason is that the revolution is successful, there is no dictatorship of the proletariat, but to the bureaucrats of the people's political professionals.
Although the revolutionary party out of the elite revolutionary ideals of loyalty, out of the will, in a period of time the worker-peasant class can regent, for the benefit of ordinary working people. However, the bureaucratic elite of the revolutionary ideals of loyalty, dedication to the revolutionary mind is unreliable , and leaders can not stop their personal degeneration.
Therefore, the so-called dictatorship of the proletariat, the proletariat is essentially sidelined, and only a dictatorship is it real. in the situation against a stronger enemy, the rebels over-reliance on instruments of violence , rather than a great democracy to the implementation of a result to his badly beaten!
the lessons of the Cultural Revolution, that great democracy is not something outside of the proletarian dictatorship, and dictatorship of the proletariat should be the soul. If there is no great democracy , there is no dictatorship of the proletariat, there is no likely to win!
the great democracy of the main content is much more than some people are keen multi-party system and vote, but the true meaning of democracy: that all the people participate in the discussion, debate, concerned about the affairs of state. the real spirit of democracy, not the majority, but consensus to form beyond the personal interests of the general will. the specific implementation, either before he was famous, posters, great debate, assembly and association, ***, the right to strike, and so outside of, or election, or the network, its core is supervision by the masses, ready to dismiss civil servants receive wages and other ordinary principles of the Paris Commune.
If you neglect the real , democracy is bound to descend into a tyrant or by the election of the democratic dictatorship of the power of oligarchic corruption and mob rule.
eight, democracy is not a system but the historical process of
Way back when, the rebels in the wool / Ze / East arm, Pijianzhirui, pre-loaded, what a high-spirited! However, once the wool / Ze / East passed away, those in power in a small palace coup, and let them even in the stronghold of Shanghai, and no one Zhiyi Sheng, The Sri Lankan people's indifference one! This is for what?
reason why the rebels had received public support, but because of their great democracy as the goal of equality and of the bureaucracy political protest and subversion. The rebels lose power, the failure of the Cultural Revolution, the fundamental goal of equality and democracy because of the failure. to the Cultural Revolution in the late rebels and replaced by those in power but failed to address the ; and self-isolation, internal struggles continue, some people even degenerate rapidly, surpassing the level of corruption than the old ruling party. how can people not to lose it?
historical conditions at that time, the class rebel awareness and degree of organization is not yet mature enough to replace the bureaucracy, the degree of realization of great democracy.
Since the historical conditions are not ripe, then, rebel groups fighting the party bureaucracy is no significance? whether the practice of the Cultural Revolution of the great democracy has failed ? It may not.
wool / Ze / East is gone, the Cultural Revolution was a failure, but the bureaucracy has also been learned. When they Ban Qilian when training people will remember the taste of the bullpen. They had to make some concessions, giving people some rights. Even now, the Daly sword.
Cultural Revolution, the skepticism, rationalism, egalitarianism and individualism deeply cultural enlightenment factor in sowing to the spirit of the nation, for the comprehensive reform of China's sown into the fire and the great cultural liberation. Cultural Revolution system of the former Soviet-style bureaucracy gone. but not iron broom sweeping through the Cultural Revolution, the Soviet Union, Eastern European countries, without exception, suffered defeat at the turn of the century.
three decades, although not allowed to talk about class struggle, although the ban the posters, although the Constitution *** demonstrations and strike wiped out the terms of freedom, but the public has become increasingly clear memories of raising / Ze / East before his death predicted by the , Group, the main ideological weapon for the struggle.
Chinese society can be said to be a super-stable structure. In Chinese history, often through regime change, the day Street riding do Gongqing bone, the elite will be a little bit of reflection, to make a little compromise.
before the Cultural Revolution in China as well. In the bureaucracy, the people are basically in the do not split, you can not break this super-stable structure.
Fortunately, the Chinese out of a wool / Ze / East, with his personal authority, launched from a special great democracy movement, the formation of the political balance of power, and inspire people political competition will and political awareness.
In this sense, the great democracy movement is indeed the achievements made as much as possible, to minimize the social cost to pay, the so-called .
some people do not look, they think, either once and for all destroy the old state machinery, one step achieving great democracy (in China at this stage, it can only dream); or to give up, switch to the new nationalism.
in wool / Ze / East view, democracy is not a system but the historical process, the people are the subject of this process.
in the elite view, the intellectual elite of the task is to design the best blueprint for democracy. And the political elite, is to persuade people to accept a blueprint for the system.
and wool / Ze / East believe that the efforts of building a new democracy is not done on paper, not the choice of system problems but the people in the actual implementation process of the struggle.
wool / Ze / East when he said, once said, . In addition, there is no short cuts.